Apr 09 2007
Computerized Based Test (CBT) versus Paper MCAT
Author: Dr. James L Flowers
Category: MCAT Prep Tips
A question students, advisors and teachers have been asking is “How is the new CBT different from the old paper MCAT?” This is a critical question for many reasons, but it is really composed of a number of questions. One, is the content different? Second, is the structure of the test, how they ask the questions, different? Third, are they measuring the same factors or has that changed? Fourth, will it be used the same or differently by medical schools? And fifth, is there something different I must do now compared to what I’ve done or been told about on the old paper MCAT?
You can get answers to many of these questions by going to aamc.org and clicking down to the MCAT and specifically, the Computerized Base Test (CBT) links. Following are my take on these questions.
One-content different? The content is the same on the CBT and the most recent paper MCAT’s since the revision of 2003 (the “R” tests). So, if you knew the content for the last paper test given in August 2006, then you will know the content for the CBT’s.
Two-structure of test different? This is a very critical question, but the answer again is “no”. The way AAMC asks questions and the question types are all the same. If you understand and know how to apply MCAT test-specific skills, then this is excellent news.
Three-same factors being measured? Yes they are. Whatever those factors are, they have not changed. I state this in this manner, because AAMC does list some factors you are being tested on, there are many others which are NOT listed but are none-the-less being tested.
The essence to understanding questions one, two and three is something called Item Response Theory (IRT) and understanding that AAMC has expended millions of dollars developing a question bank from which they draw questions. By using IRT, they can be as certain as is possible, that every test, and every form of the test, since the latest major version change in 1991 is the same. They are the same in terms of overall content, overall skills and overall ability to discriminate students of different abilities. Simply because the number of items has changed will not change the overall validity and discrimination of the MCAT.
Four-use by medical schools. My belief is that medical schools will continue to use it just as they have in the past. The Moss Test, the original MCAT from 1928, was created to help select students who are likely to complete medical school…they still use it for this purpose and will do so into the future.
Five-what is different? You must become totally familiar with the mechanics of taking the new MCAT. There are also differences in the number of questions, registration, retakes etc. You will have to get use to taking the computerized form versus the paper form...eg, you can’t write notes in the margins anymore…so, now what? The best way to get prepared is to go the aamc.org site and go through their tutorials and free practice test.
The Writing of the "Harvard Manual"
Author: Dr. James L Flowers
Category: My Evolution of MCAT Prep Thoughts
Dr. Wallace and Dr. Crooks were able to get funding for writing of the manual. I began sometime in the summer of 1976. An outline was created from scratch as the AAMC had not yet published their outline for the new test to be given in 1977. So, I based my outline on my own preparation for the sciences and for math. Since I could not type at that time, and since my writing was already on the way to the illegibility I would perfect during my residency and practice years, I decided I had better print everything.
Over the next few months ending in December of 1976, I wrote the manuscript for the MCAT prep. We contracted with another student, who also lived in the Peabody Terrace student apartments, to type the manuscript. My daily schedule to complete this was fairly well set for those months. During the first part of the day, from about 8 am to 6 pm, I would do one of my rotations, clinical clerkships. When I got home, I would take care of the kids for a few hours while my wife and mother got some rest. Then I would go to sleep until about midnight to 1-2 am. Getting up at that time, I would do any studying I needed for the clerkships. But, most of the time was spent writing the MCAT prep. At 5 am or so, I would get cleaned up, dressed and would nap, sitting up, until I had to leave for the hospital. This was done nearly every day until the book was done.
Sometime in either late 1976 or early 1977, I obtained the AAMC outline for what would be on the new test. This was a very specific listing but there were not the details for each item…this was to be left up to the student. What became evident is that I had completed a manuscript that was too difficult and overstepped what the AAMC had in mind for the MCAT. I was thinking like a PhD student and not like a MD student. The physics and chemistry, especially, were too difficult. So, I had to rewrite most of the book.
Finally, with over 800 pages of printed material and 400+ pages typed, this was done and by the time of graduation, which I skipped to go back home, Dr. Wallace had the manuscript printed and available. The “Harvard Manual” was born. I had called it “A Comprehensive Preparation for the MCAT”. The manual was eventually published by Angel Publishing, yes Mr. Angel, and then by Betz Publishing, his wife, well into the 1990’s. Eventually, Williams and Wilkins purchased rights from Betz. The book has been used by hundreds of thousands over the years, became probably the best seller in its class during this time, and became the model for many MCAT prep books that followed.
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